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  2. After Bitcoin Core 0.14.0 and before Bitcoin Core 29.0, validating a specially-crafted block may cause the node to access previously freed memory.
    During validation, necessary data required for checking inputs for each transaction is pre-calculated and cached. For specially crafted invalid blocks, it was possible for this data to be destroyed while it was still being accessed by a background validation thread. An attacker capable of mining a block with sufficient proof-of-work could have exploited this to crash victim nodes. Because of the nature of use-after-free bugs, it is possible that the crash could have been used for remote code execution, though constraints on the input (block) data make this unlikely.
    This issue is considered High severity.

    Details

    By default, script validation for new blocks is dispatched to background threads via a vector of CScriptCheck functors. Each CScriptCheck holds a pointer to a PrecomputedTransactionData object which stores some data needed by each input in the transaction. Because it stores a pointer and not the data itself, care must be taken to ensure that the PrecomputedTransactionData outlives the CScriptCheck.
    The script checks lifetime is enforced by an RAII class, CCheckQueueControl. However, the control is intantiated before the precomputed transaction data. Because local objects in C++ are destructed in reverse order of construction, this means the vector of PrecomputedTransactionData is destroyed before the CCheckQueueControl.
    This is not an issue when the block is valid, as CCheckQueueControl::Wait() will be called before the function returns and the PrecomputedTransactionData gets destroyed. However, in case of an early return (when a separate check fails) a background script thread may read the precomputed transaction data after it was destroyed. An attacker could exploit this to crash victim nodes at the expense of a valid PoW at tip.

    Attribution

    Cory Fields (MIT DCI) discovered this vulnerability and responsibly disclosed it in a detailed report containing a proof of concept for reproduction and a proposed mitigation.

    Timeline

    • 2024-11-02 Cory Fields privately reports the bug
    • 2024-11-06 Pieter Wuille pushes a covert fix to already open PR #31112 which works around the issue by removing the early returns
    • 2024-12-03 PR #31112 is merged
    • 2025-04-12 Bitcoin Core version 29.0 is released with a fix
    • 2026-04-19 The last vulnerable Bitcoin Core version (28.x) goes end of life
    • 2026-05-05 Public disclosure.

[CVE-2026-23857] [Modified: 18-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S8.2:HIGH] Dell Update Package (DUP) Framework, versions 23.12.00 through 24.12.00, contains an Improper Handling of Insufficient Permissions or Privileges vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Elevation of privileges.

[CVE-2026-26234] [Modified: 20-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S8.8:HIGH] JUNG Smart Visu Server 1.1.1050 contains a request header manipulation vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to override request URLs by injecting arbitrary values in the X-Forwarded-Host header. Attackers can manipulate proxied requests to generate tainted responses, enabling cache poisoning, potential phishing, and redirecting users to malicious domains.

[CVE-2026-26235] [Modified: 20-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S7.5:HIGH] JUNG Smart Visu Server 1.1.1050 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to remotely shutdown or reboot the server. Attackers can send a single POST request to trigger the server reboot without requiring any authentication.

[CVE-2026-2391] [Modified: 24-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S3.7:LOW] ### Summary The `arrayLimit` option in qs does not enforce limits for comma-separated values when `comma: true` is enabled, allowing attackers to cause denial-of-service via memory exhaustion. This is a bypass of the array limit enforcement, similar to the bracket notation bypass addressed in GHSA-6rw7-vpxm-498p (CVE-2025-15284). ### Details When the `comma` option is set to `true` (not the default, but configurable in applications), qs allows parsing comma-separated strings as arrays (e.g., `?param=a,b,c` becomes `['a', 'b', 'c']`). However, the limit check for `arrayLimit` (default: 20) and the optional throwOnLimitExceeded occur after the comma-handling logic in `parseArrayValue`, enabling a bypass. This permits creation of arbitrarily large arrays from a single parameter, leading to excessive memory allocation. **Vulnerable code** (lib/parse.js: lines ~40-50): ```js if (val && typeof val === 'string' && options.comma && val.indexOf(',') > -1) {     return val.split(','); } if (options.throwOnLimitExceeded && currentArrayLength >= options.arrayLimit) {     throw new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only ' + options.arrayLimit + ' element' + (options.arrayLimit === 1 ? '' : 's') + ' allowed in an array.'); } return val; ``` The `split(',')` returns the array immediately, skipping the subsequent limit check. Downstream merging via `utils.combine` does not prevent allocation, even if it marks overflows for sparse arrays.This discrepancy allows attackers to send a single parameter with millions of commas (e.g., `?param=,,,,,,,,...`), allocating massive arrays in memory without triggering limits. It bypasses the intent of `arrayLimit`, which is enforced correctly for indexed (`a[0]=`) and bracket (`a[]=`) notations (the latter fixed in v6.14.1 per GHSA-6rw7-vpxm-498p). ### PoC **Test 1 - Basic bypass:** ``` npm install qs ``` ```js const qs = require('qs'); const payload = 'a=' + ','.repeat(25); // 26 elements after split (bypasses arrayLimit: 5) const options = { comma: true, arrayLimit: 5, throwOnLimitExceeded: true }; try {   const result = qs.parse(payload, options);   console.log(result.a.length); // Outputs: 26 (bypass successful) } catch (e) {   console.log('Limit enforced:', e.message); // Not thrown } ``` **Configuration:** - `comma: true` - `arrayLimit: 5` - `throwOnLimitExceeded: true` Expected: Throws "Array limit exceeded" error. Actual: Parses successfully, creating an array of length 26. ### Impact Denial of Service (DoS) via memory exhaustion.

[CVE-2026-2327] [Modified: 23-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.3:MEDIUM] Versions of the package markdown-it from 13.0.0 and before 14.1.1 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) due to the use of the regex /\*+$/ in the linkify function. An attacker can supply a long sequence of * characters followed by a non-matching character, which triggers excessive backtracking and may lead to a denial-of-service condition.

[CVE-2025-15577] [Modified: 23-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S7.5:HIGH] An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by manipulating URL to achieve arbitrary file read access.This issue affects Valmet DNA Web Tools: C2022 and older.

[CVE-2026-2003] [Modified: 20-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S4.3:MEDIUM] Improper validation of type "oidvector" in PostgreSQL allows a database user to disclose a few bytes of server memory. We have not ruled out viability of attacks that arrange for presence of confidential information in disclosed bytes, but they seem unlikely. Versions before PostgreSQL 18.2, 17.8, 16.12, 15.16, and 14.21 are affected.

[CVE-2026-2004] [Modified: 20-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S8.8:HIGH] Missing validation of type of input in PostgreSQL intarray extension selectivity estimator function allows an object creator to execute arbitrary code as the operating system user running the database. Versions before PostgreSQL 18.2, 17.8, 16.12, 15.16, and 14.21 are affected.

[CVE-2026-2005] [Modified: 20-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S8.8:HIGH] Heap buffer overflow in PostgreSQL pgcrypto allows a ciphertext provider to execute arbitrary code as the operating system user running the database. Versions before PostgreSQL 18.2, 17.8, 16.12, 15.16, and 14.21 are affected.

[CVE-2026-2006] [Modified: 20-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S8.8:HIGH] Missing validation of multibyte character length in PostgreSQL text manipulation allows a database user to issue crafted queries that achieve a buffer overrun. That suffices to execute arbitrary code as the operating system user running the database. Versions before PostgreSQL 18.2, 17.8, 16.12, 15.16, and 14.21 are affected.

[CVE-2026-2007] [Modified: 20-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S8.2:HIGH] Heap buffer overflow in PostgreSQL pg_trgm allows a database user to achieve unknown impacts via a crafted input string. The attacker has limited control over the byte patterns to be written, but we have not ruled out the viability of attacks that lead to privilege escalation. PostgreSQL 18.1 and 18.0 are affected.

[CVE-2025-70886] [Modified: 18-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S7.5:HIGH] An issue in halo v.2.22.4 and before allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted payload to the public comment submission endpoint

[CVE-2026-26216] [Modified: 20-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S10.0:CRITICAL] Crawl4AI versions prior to 0.8.0 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the Docker API deployment. The /crawl endpoint accepts a hooks parameter containing Python code that is executed using exec(). The __import__ builtin was included in the allowed builtins, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to import arbitrary modules and execute system commands. Successful exploitation allows full server compromise, including arbitrary command execution, file read and write access, sensitive data exfiltration, and lateral movement within internal networks.

[CVE-2026-26217] [Modified: 20-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S8.6:HIGH] Crawl4AI versions prior to 0.8.0 contain a local file inclusion vulnerability in the Docker API deployment. The /execute_js, /screenshot, /pdf, and /html endpoints accept file:// URLs, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to read arbitrary files from the server filesystem. An attacker can access sensitive files such as /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, application configuration files, and environment variables via /proc/self/environ, potentially exposing credentials, API keys, and internal application structure.

[CVE-2025-55210] [Modified: 27-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S7.5:HIGH] FreePBX is an open-source web-based graphical user interface (GUI) that manages Asterisk. Prior to 17.0.5 and 16.0.17, FreePBX module api (PBX API) is vulnerable to privilege escalation by authenticated users with REST/GraphQL API access. This vulnerability allows an attacker to forge a valid JWT with full access to the REST and GraphQL APIs on a FreePBX that they've already connected to, possibly as a lower privileged user. The JWT is signed using the api-oauth.key private key. An attacker can generate their own token if they possess this key (e.g., by accessing an affected instance), and specify any scopes they wish (e.g., rest, gql), bypassing traditional authorization checks. However, FreePBX enforces that the jti (JWT ID) claim must exist in the database (api_access_tokens table in the asterisk MySQL database) in order for the token to be accepted. Therefore, the attacker must know a jti value that already exists on the target instance. This vulnerability is fixed in 17.0.5 and 16.0.17.

[CVE-2025-61879] [Modified: 19-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S7.7:HIGH] In Infoblox NIOS through 9.0.7, a High-Privileged User Can Trigger an Arbitrary File Write via the Account Creation Mechanism.

[CVE-2025-61880] [Modified: 19-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S8.8:HIGH] In Infoblox NIOS through 9.0.7, insecure deserialization can result in remote code execution.

[CVE-2025-69806] [Modified: 23-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S7.5:HIGH] p2r3 bareiron commit: 8e4d4020d contains an Out-of-bounds Read, which allows unauthenticated remote attackers to get relative information leakage via a packet sent to the server

[CVE-2025-69807] [Modified: 23-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S7.5:HIGH] p2r3 Bareiron commit: 8e4d4020d is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow, which allows unauthenticated remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a packet sent to the server.

[CVE-2025-70981] [Modified: 18-02-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S9.8:CRITICAL] CordysCRM 1.4.1 is vulnerable to SQL Injection in the employee list query interface (/user/list) via the departmentIds parameter.