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After Bitcoin Core 0.14.0 and before Bitcoin Core 29.0, validating a specially-crafted block may cause the node to access previously freed memory.
During validation, necessary data required for checking inputs for each transaction is pre-calculated and cached. For specially crafted invalid blocks, it was possible for this data to be destroyed while it was still being accessed by a background validation thread. An attacker capable of mining a block with sufficient proof-of-work could have exploited this to crash victim nodes. Because of the nature of use-after-free bugs, it is possible that the crash could have been used for remote code execution, though constraints on the input (block) data make this unlikely.
This issue is considered High severity.

Details
By default, script validation for new blocks is dispatched to background threads via a vector of CScriptCheck functors. Each CScriptCheck holds a pointer to a PrecomputedTransactionData object which stores some data needed by each input in the transaction. Because it stores a pointer and not the data itself, care must be taken to ensure that the PrecomputedTransactionData outlives the CScriptCheck.
The script checks lifetime is enforced by an RAII class, CCheckQueueControl. However, the control is intantiated before the precomputed transaction data. Because local objects in C++ are destructed in reverse order of construction, this means the vector of PrecomputedTransactionData is destroyed before the CCheckQueueControl.
This is not an issue when the block is valid, as CCheckQueueControl::Wait() will be called before the function returns and the PrecomputedTransactionData gets destroyed. However, in case of an early return (when a separate check fails) a background script thread may read the precomputed transaction data after it was destroyed. An attacker could exploit this to crash victim nodes at the expense of a valid PoW at tip.

Attribution
Cory Fields (MIT DCI) discovered this vulnerability and responsibly disclosed it in a detailed report containing a proof of concept for reproduction and a proposed mitigation.

Timeline
- 2024-11-02 Cory Fields privately reports the bug
- 2024-11-06 Pieter Wuille pushes a covert fix to already open PR #31112 which works around the issue by removing the early returns
- 2024-12-03 PR #31112 is merged
- 2025-04-12 Bitcoin Core version 29.0 is released with a fix
- 2026-04-19 The last vulnerable Bitcoin Core version (28.x) goes end of life
- 2026-05-05 Public disclosure.

dog - 06:26:49 up 241 days, 14:58, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

[18/05/2026 08:28] PL quer saber se Flávio Bolsonaro teve mais contatos com Vorcaro - Correio Braziliense

[18/05/2026 20:00] Vorcaro é transferido de cela na PF e tem maior restrição de visita de advogados - Revista Oeste

[18/05/2026 13:37] Lula diz esperar que Trump se associe ao Brasil por terras raras - CNN Brasil

[18/05/2026 16:15] Trump diz que EUA suspenderam ataque contra Irã planejado para terça (19) - CNN Brasil

[18/05/2026 18:19] Dino relata hostilidade de funcionária de companhia aérea que disse ter vontade de matá-lo - G1

[18/05/2026 18:42] Carlo Ancelotti convoca os 26 jogadores que vão tentar o hexa na Copa do Mundo - CBF

[18/05/2026 18:55] CNT quer transição de uma hora por ano caso fim da 6 X 1 seja aprovado - Poder360

[18/05/2026 14:49] Aliados de Lula veem brecha em regra do Senado para insistir na indicação de Messias - CartaCapital

[18/05/2026 20:02] Senado pede ao STF validade imediata da Lei da Dosimetria - Revista Oeste

[18/05/2026 23:11] Filha de diplomata que trabalha no governo Lula é atropelada e morre no RJ - UOL Notícias

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