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After Bitcoin Core 0.14.0 and before Bitcoin Core 29.0, validating a specially-crafted block may cause the node to access previously freed memory.
During validation, necessary data required for checking inputs for each transaction is pre-calculated and cached. For specially crafted invalid blocks, it was possible for this data to be destroyed while it was still being accessed by a background validation thread. An attacker capable of mining a block with sufficient proof-of-work could have exploited this to crash victim nodes. Because of the nature of use-after-free bugs, it is possible that the crash could have been used for remote code execution, though constraints on the input (block) data make this unlikely.
This issue is considered High severity.

Details
By default, script validation for new blocks is dispatched to background threads via a vector of CScriptCheck functors. Each CScriptCheck holds a pointer to a PrecomputedTransactionData object which stores some data needed by each input in the transaction. Because it stores a pointer and not the data itself, care must be taken to ensure that the PrecomputedTransactionData outlives the CScriptCheck.
The script checks lifetime is enforced by an RAII class, CCheckQueueControl. However, the control is intantiated before the precomputed transaction data. Because local objects in C++ are destructed in reverse order of construction, this means the vector of PrecomputedTransactionData is destroyed before the CCheckQueueControl.
This is not an issue when the block is valid, as CCheckQueueControl::Wait() will be called before the function returns and the PrecomputedTransactionData gets destroyed. However, in case of an early return (when a separate check fails) a background script thread may read the precomputed transaction data after it was destroyed. An attacker could exploit this to crash victim nodes at the expense of a valid PoW at tip.

Attribution
Cory Fields (MIT DCI) discovered this vulnerability and responsibly disclosed it in a detailed report containing a proof of concept for reproduction and a proposed mitigation.

Timeline
- 2024-11-02 Cory Fields privately reports the bug
- 2024-11-06 Pieter Wuille pushes a covert fix to already open PR #31112 which works around the issue by removing the early returns
- 2024-12-03 PR #31112 is merged
- 2025-04-12 Bitcoin Core version 29.0 is released with a fix
- 2026-04-19 The last vulnerable Bitcoin Core version (28.x) goes end of life
- 2026-05-05 Public disclosure.

dog - 16:09:33 up 273 days, 40 min, 5 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

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[CVE-2025-71240] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.4:MEDIUM] SPIP before 4.2.15 allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via crafted content in HTML code tags. The application does not properly verify JavaScript within code tags, allowing an attacker to inject malicious scripts that execute in a victim's browser.

[CVE-2025-71243] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S9.8:CRITICAL] The 'Saisies pour formulaire' (Saisies) plugin for SPIP versions 5.4.0 through 5.11.0 contains a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on the server. Users should immediately update to version 5.11.1 or later.

[CVE-2025-71244] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S6.1:MEDIUM] SPIP before 4.4.5 and 4.3.9 allows an Open Redirect via the login form when used in AJAX mode. An attacker can craft a malicious URL that, when visited by a victim, redirects them to an arbitrary external site after login. This vulnerability only affects sites where the login page has been overridden to function in AJAX mode. It is not mitigated by the SPIP security screen.

[CVE-2026-25738] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S4.3:MEDIUM] Indico is an event management system that uses Flask-Multipass, a multi-backend authentication system for Flask. Versions prior to 3.3.10 are vulnerable to server-side request forgery. Indico makes outgoing requests to user-provides URLs in various places. This is mostly intentional and part of Indico's functionality but is never intended to let users access "special" targets such as localhost or cloud metadata endpoints. Users should upgrade to version 3.3.10 to receive a patch. Those who do not have IPs that expose sensitive data without authentication (typically because they do not host Indico on AWS) are not affected. Only event organizers can access endpoints where SSRF could be used to actually see the data returned by such a request. For those who trust their event organizers, the risk is also very limited. For additional security, both before and after patching, one may also use the common proxy-related environment variables (in particular `http_proxy` and `https_proxy`) to force outgoing requests to go through a proxy that limits requests in whatever way you deem useful/necessary. These environment variables would need to be set both on the indico-uwsgi and indico-celery services.

[CVE-2026-25739] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.4:MEDIUM] Indico is an event management system that uses Flask-Multipass, a multi-backend authentication system for Flask. Versions prior to 3.3.10 are vulnerable to cross-site scripting when uploading certain file types as materials. Users should upgrade to version 3.3.10 to receive a patch. To apply the fix itself updating is sufficient, but to benefit from the strict Content Security Policy (CSP) Indico now applies by default for file downloads, update the webserver config in case one uses nginx with Indico's `STATIC_FILE_METHOD` set to `xaccelredirect`. For further directions, consult the GitHub Security advisory or Indico setup documentation. Some workarounds are available. Use the webserver config to apply a strict CSP for material download endpoints, and/or only let trustworthy users create content (including material uploads, which speakers can typically do as well) on Indico.

[CVE-2026-25766] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.3:MEDIUM] Echo is a Go web framework. In versions 5.0.0 through 5.0.2 on Windows, Echo’s `middleware.Static` using the default filesystem allows path traversal via backslashes, enabling unauthenticated remote file read outside the static root. In `middleware/static.go`, the requested path is unescaped and normalized with `path.Clean` (URL semantics). `path.Clean` does not treat `\` as a path separator, so `..\` sequences remain in the cleaned path. The resulting path is then passed to `currentFS.Open(...)`. When the filesystem is left at the default (nil), Echo uses `defaultFS` which calls `os.Open` (`echo.go:792`). On Windows, `os.Open` treats `\` as a path separator and resolves `..\`, allowing traversal outside the static root. Version 5.0.3 fixes the issue.

[CVE-2026-25940] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S8.1:HIGH] jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to 4.2.0, user control of properties and methods of the Acroform module allows users to inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized input to one of the following property, a user can inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions, which are executed when the victim hovers over the radio option. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.2.0. As a workaround, sanitize user input before passing it to the vulnerable API members.

[CVE-2026-26345] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.4:MEDIUM] SPIP before 4.4.8 contains a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the public area triggered in certain edge-case usage patterns. The echapper_html_suspect() function does not adequately sanitize user-controlled content, allowing authenticated users with content-editing privileges (e.g., author-level roles and above) to inject malicious scripts. The injected payload may be rendered across multiple pages within the framework and execute in the browser context of other users, including administrators. Successful exploitation can allow attackers to perform actions in the security context of the victim user, including unauthorized modification of application state. This vulnerability is not mitigated by the SPIP security screen.

[CVE-2026-24834] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S9.3:CRITICAL] Kata Containers is an open source project focusing on a standard implementation of lightweight Virtual Machines (VMs) that perform like containers. In versions prior to 3.27.0, an issue in Kata with Cloud Hypervisor allows a user of the container to modify the file system used by the Guest micro VM ultimately achieving arbitrary code execution as root in said VM. The current understanding is this doesn’t impact the security of the Host or of other containers / VMs running on that Host (note that arm64 QEMU lacks NVDIMM read-only support: It is believed that until the upstream QEMU gains this capability, a guest write could reach the image file). Version 3.27.0 patches the issue.

[CVE-2026-25998] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S7.5:HIGH] strongMan is a management interface for strongSwan, an OpenSource IPsec-based VPN. When storing credentials in the database (private keys, EAP secrets), strongMan encrypts the corresponding database fields. So far it used AES in CTR mode with a global database key. Together with an initialization vector (IV), a key stream is generated to encrypt the data in the database fields. But because strongMan did not generate individual IVs, every database field was encrypted using the same key stream. An attacker that has access to the database can use this to recover the encrypted credentials. In particular, because certificates, which have to be considered public information, are also encrypted using the same mechanism, an attacker can directly recover a large chunk of the key stream, which allows them to decrypt basically all other secrets especially ECDSA private keys and EAP secrets, which are usually a lot shorter. Version 0.2.0 fixes the issue by switching to AES-GCM-SIV encryption with a random nonce and an individually derived encryption key, using HKDF, for each encrypted value. Database migrations are provided to automatically re-encrypt all credentials.

[CVE-2026-26016] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S8.1:HIGH] Wings is the server control plane for Pterodactyl, a free, open-source game server management panel. Prior to version 1.12.1, a missing authorization check in multiple controllers allows any user with access to a node secret token to fetch information about any server on a Pterodactyl instance, even if that server is associated with a different node. This issue stems from missing logic to verify that the node requesting server data is the same node that the server is associated with. Any authenticated Wings node can retrieve server installation scripts (potentially containing secret values) and manipulate the installation status of servers belonging to other nodes. Wings nodes may also manipulate the transfer status of servers belonging to other nodes. This vulnerability requires a user to acquire a secret access token for a node. Unless a user gains access to a Wings secret access token they would not be able to access any of these vulnerable endpoints, as every endpoint requires a valid node access token. A single compromised Wings node daemon token (stored in plaintext at `/etc/pterodactyl/config.yml`) grants access to sensitive configuration data of every server on the panel, rather than only to servers that the node has access to. An attacker can use this information to move laterally through the system, send excessive notifications, destroy server data on other nodes, and otherwise exfiltrate secrets that they should not have access to with only a node token. Additionally, triggering a false transfer success causes the panel to delete the server from the source node, resulting in permanent data loss. Users should upgrade to version 1.12.1 to receive a fix.

[CVE-2026-26030] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S9.9:CRITICAL] Semantic Kernel, Microsoft's semantic kernel Python SDK, has a remote code execution vulnerability in versions prior to 1.39.4, specifically within the `InMemoryVectorStore` filter functionality. The problem has been fixed in version `python-1.39.4`. Users should upgrade this version or higher. As a workaround, avoid using `InMemoryVectorStore` for production scenarios.

[CVE-2026-26336] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S7.5:HIGH] Hyland Alfresco allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files from protected directories (like WEB-INF) via the "/share/page/resource/" endpoint, thus leading to the disclosure of sensitive configuration files.

[CVE-2026-23604] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.4:MEDIUM] GFI MailEssentials AI versions prior to 22.4 contain a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the Keyword Filtering rule creation workflow. An authenticated user can supply HTML/JavaScript in the ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$pv1$TXB_RuleName parameter to /MailEssentials/pages/MailSecurity/contentchecking.aspx, which is stored and later rendered in the management interface, allowing script execution in the context of a logged-in user.

[CVE-2026-23605] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.4:MEDIUM] GFI MailEssentials AI versions prior to 22.4 contain a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the Attachment Filtering rule creation workflow. An authenticated user can supply HTML/JavaScript in the ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$pv1$TXB_RuleName parameter to /MailEssentials/pages/MailSecurity/attachmentchecking.aspx, which is stored and later rendered in the management interface, allowing script execution in the context of a logged-in user.

[CVE-2026-23606] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.4:MEDIUM] GFI MailEssentials AI versions prior to 22.4 contain a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the Advanced Content Filtering rule creation workflow. An authenticated user can supply HTML/JavaScript in the ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$pv1$txtRuleName parameter to /MailEssentials/pages/MailSecurity/advancedfiltering.aspx, which is stored and later rendered in the management interface, allowing script execution in the context of a logged-in user.

[CVE-2026-23607] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.4:MEDIUM] GFI MailEssentials AI versions prior to 22.4 contain a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the Anti-Spam Whitelist management interface. An authenticated user can supply HTML/JavaScript in the ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$pv1$txtDescription parameter to /MailEssentials/pages/MailSecurity/Whitelist.aspx, which is stored and later rendered in the management interface, allowing script execution in the context of a logged-in user.

[CVE-2026-23608] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.4:MEDIUM] GFI MailEssentials AI versions prior to 22.4 contain a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the Mail Monitoring rule creation endpoint. An authenticated user can supply HTML/JavaScript in the JSON \"name\" field to /MailEssentials/pages/MailSecurity/MailMonitoring.aspx/Save, which is stored and later rendered in the management interface, allowing script execution in the context of a logged-in user.

[CVE-2026-23609] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.4:MEDIUM] GFI MailEssentials AI versions prior to 22.4 contain a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the Perimeter SMTP Servers configuration page. An authenticated user can supply HTML/JavaScript in the ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$pv3$txtDescription parameter to /MailEssentials/pages/MailSecurity/PerimeterSMTPServers.aspx, which is stored and later rendered in the management interface, allowing script execution in the context of a logged-in user.

[CVE-2026-23610] [Modified: 17-06-2026] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.4:MEDIUM] GFI MailEssentials AI versions prior to 22.4 contain a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the POP2Exchange configuration endpoint. An authenticated user can supply HTML/JavaScript in the POP3 server login field within the JSON \"popServers\" payload to /MailEssentials/pages/MailSecurity/POP2Exchange.aspx/Save, which is stored and later rendered in the management interface, allowing script execution in the context of a logged-in user.