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  2. Disclosure of the details of a bug on 32-bit systems which may, in a rare edge case, cause the node to crash when receiving a pathological block. This bug would be extremely hard to exploit. A fix was released on October 10th 2025 in Bitcoin Core v30.0.
    This issue is considered Low severity.

    Details

    Before writing a block to disk, Bitcoin Core checks that its size is within a normal range. This check would overflow on 32-bit systems for blocks over 1GB, and make the node crash when writing it to disk. Such a block cannot be sent using the BLOCK message, but could in theory be sent as a compact block if the victim node has a non-default large mempool which already contains 1GB of transactions. This would require the victim to have set their -maxmempool option to a value greater than 3GB, while 32-bit systems may have at most 4GiB of memory.
    This issue was indirectly prevented by capping the maximum value of the -maxmempool setting on 32-bit systems.

    Attribution

    Pieter Wuille discovered this bug and disclosed it responsibly.
    Antoine Poinsot proposed and implemented a covert mitigation.

    Timeline

    • 2025-04-24 - Pieter Wuille reports the issue
    • 2025-05-16 - Antoine Poinsot opens PR #32530 with a covert fix
    • 2025-06-26 - PR #32530 is merged into master
    • 2025-09-04 - Version 29.1 is released with the fix
    • 2025-10-10 - Version 30.0 is released with the fix
    • 2025-10-24 - Public Disclosure

[CVE-2025-54080] [Modified: 02-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.5:MEDIUM] Exiv2 is a C++ library and a command-line utility to read, write, delete and modify Exif, IPTC, XMP and ICC image metadata. An out-of-bounds read was found in Exiv2 versions 0.28.5 and earlier. The out-of-bounds read is triggered when Exiv2 is used to write metadata into a crafted image file. An attacker could potentially exploit the vulnerability to cause a denial of service by crashing Exiv2, if they can trick the victim into running Exiv2 on a crafted image file. Note that this bug is only triggered when writing the metadata, which is a less frequently used Exiv2 operation than reading the metadata. The bug is fixed in version 0.28.6.

[CVE-2025-55304] [Modified: 02-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.5:MEDIUM] Exiv2 is a C++ library and a command-line utility to read, write, delete and modify Exif, IPTC, XMP and ICC image metadata. A denial-of-service was found in Exiv2 version 0.28.5: a quadratic algorithm in the ICC profile parsing code in jpegBase::readMetadata() can cause Exiv2 to run for a long time. The denial-of-service is triggered when Exiv2 is used to read the metadata of a crafted jpg image file. The bug is fixed in version 0.28.6.

[CVE-2025-9652] [Modified: 04-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S3.5:LOW] A vulnerability was determined in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. Affected is an unknown function of the file /intranet/educar_transferencia_tipo_cad.php of the component Cadastrar tipo de transferência Page. This manipulation of the argument nm_tipo/desc_tipo causes cross site scripting. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.

[CVE-2025-9653] [Modified: 04-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S3.5:LOW] A vulnerability was identified in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /intranet/educar_projeto_cad.php of the component Cadastrar projeto Page. Such manipulation of the argument nome/observacao leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.

[CVE-2025-9655] [Modified: 16-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S3.5:LOW] A weakness has been identified in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This affects an unknown part of the file /x_organization_assemble_control/jaxrs/person/ of the component Personal Profile Page. Executing manipulation of the argument Description can lead to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."

[CVE-2024-46916] [Modified: 09-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S8.1:HIGH] Diebold Nixdorf Vynamic Security Suite through 4.3.0 SR06 contains functionality that allows the removal of critical system files before the filesystem is properly mounted (e.g., leveraging a delete call in /etc/rc.d/init.d/mountfs to remove the /etc/fstab file). This can allow code execution and, in some versions, enable recovery of TPM Disk Encryption keys and decryption of the Windows system partition.

[CVE-2024-46917] [Modified: 09-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S8.1:HIGH] Diebold Nixdorf Vynamic Security Suite through 4.3.0 SR01 does not validate file attributes or the contents of /root during integrity validation. This allows code execution, recovery of TPM Disk Encryption keys, decryption of the Windows system partition, and full control of the Windows OS, e.g., through ~/.profile changes.

[CVE-2025-54877] [Modified: 03-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.3:MEDIUM] Tuleap is an Open Source Suite created to facilitate management of software development and collaboration. In Tuleap Community Edition versions before 16.10.99.1754050155 and Tuleap Enterprise Edition versions before 16.9-8 and before 16.10-5, an attacker can access to the content of the special and always there fields of accessible artifacts even if the permissions associated with the underlying fields do not allow it. This issue has been fixed in Tuleap Community Edition version 16.10.99.1754050155 and Tuleap Enterprise Edition versions 16.9-8 and 16.10-5.

[CVE-2025-55177] [Modified: 24-10-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.4:MEDIUM] Incomplete authorization of linked device synchronization messages in WhatsApp for iOS prior to v2.25.21.73, WhatsApp Business for iOS v2.25.21.78, and WhatsApp for Mac v2.25.21.78 could have allowed an unrelated user to trigger processing of content from an arbitrary URL on a target’s device. We assess that this vulnerability, in combination with an OS-level vulnerability on Apple platforms (CVE-2025-43300), may have been exploited in a sophisticated attack against specific targeted users.

[CVE-2025-55202] [Modified: 03-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.3:MEDIUM] Opencast is a free, open-source platform to support the management of educational audio and video content. In version 18.0 and versions before 17.7, the protections against path traversal attacks in the UI config module are insufficient, still partially allowing for attacks in very specific cases. The path is checked without checking for the file separator. This could allow attackers access to files within another folder which starts with the same path. This issue has been fixed in versions 17.7 and 18.1. To mitigate this issue, check for folders that start with the same path as the ui-config folder.

[CVE-2025-9656] [Modified: 18-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S4.3:MEDIUM] A security vulnerability has been detected in PHPGurukul Directory Management System 2.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/add-directory.php. The manipulation of the argument fullname leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.

[CVE-2025-9657] [Modified: 16-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S3.5:LOW] A vulnerability was detected in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /x_program_center/jaxrs/script of the component Personal Profile Page. The manipulation of the argument name/alias/description results in cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."

[CVE-2025-9658] [Modified: 16-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S3.5:LOW] A flaw has been found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/dict/ of the component Personal Profile Page. This manipulation of the argument name/alias/description causes cross site scripting. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."

[CVE-2025-9659] [Modified: 16-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S3.5:LOW] A vulnerability has been found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/widget of the component Personal Profile Page. Such manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."

[CVE-2024-12923] [Modified: 22-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S5.4:MEDIUM] A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability has been reported to affect Photo Station. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to bypass security mechanisms or read application data. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Photo Station 6.4.5 ( 2025/01/02 ) and later

[CVE-2025-22483] [Modified: 05-12-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S4.8:MEDIUM] A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to bypass security mechanisms or read application data. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: License Center 1.8.51 and later License Center 1.9.51 and later

[CVE-2025-29874] [Modified: 18-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S6.5:MEDIUM] A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect File Station 5. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: File Station 5 5.5.6.4907 and later

[CVE-2025-29875] [Modified: 18-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S6.5:MEDIUM] A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect File Station 5. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: File Station 5 5.5.6.4907 and later

[CVE-2025-29878] [Modified: 18-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S6.5:MEDIUM] A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect File Station 5. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: File Station 5 5.5.6.4907 and later

[CVE-2025-29879] [Modified: 18-09-2025] [Analyzed] [V3.1 S6.5:MEDIUM] A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect File Station 5. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: File Station 5 5.5.6.4907 and later